Introduction to epidict • epidict

The goal of {epidict} is to provide standardized data dictionaries for use in epidemiological data analysis templates. Currently it supports standardised dictionaries from MSF OCA. This is a product of the R4EPIs project; learn more at https://r4epis.netlify.com

Installation

You can install {epidict} from CRAN:

install.packages("epidict")

Click here for alternative installation options

If there is a bugfix or feature that is not yet on CRAN, you can install it via the {drat} package:

You can also install the in-development version from GitHub using the {remotes} package (but there’s no guarantee that it will be stable):

# install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("R4EPI/epidict")

Accessing dictionaries

There are four MSF outbreak dictionaries available in {epidict} based on DHIS2 exports:

Acute Jaundice Syndrome (often suspected to be Hepatitis E) (“AJS”)
Cholera/Acute watery diarrhea (“Cholera”)
Measles/Rubella (“Measles”)
Meningitis (“Meningitis”)

You can read more about the outbreak dictionaries at https://r4epis.netlify.com/outbreaks

The dictionary can be obtained via the msf_dict() function, which specifies a dictionary that describes recorded variables (data_element_shortname) in rows and their possible options (if categorical):

Click here for code examples

library("epidict")
msf_dict("AJS")
#> # A tibble: 68 × 8
#>    data_element_uid data_elem…¹ data_…² data_…³ data_…⁴ data_…⁵ used_…⁶ options 
#>    <lgl>            <chr>       <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <list>  
#>  1 NA               egen_044_e… event_… Is the… TEXT    NA      HgdrO8… <tibble>
#>  2 NA               egen_001_p… case_n… Anonym… TEXT    NA      NA      <tibble>
#>  3 NA               egen_004_d… date_o… Date p… DATE    NA      NA      <tibble>
#>  4 NA               egen_022_d… detect… How pa… TEXT    NA      BlfHX5… <tibble>
#>  5 NA               egen_005_p… patien… Patien… TEXT    NA      YNeOOp… <tibble>
#>  6 NA               egen_029_m… msf_in… How ex… TEXT    NA      PN5NWt… <tibble>
#>  7 NA               egen_008_a… age_ye… Age of… INTEGE… NA      NA      <tibble>
#>  8 NA               egen_009_a… age_mo… Age of… INTEGE… NA      NA      <tibble>
#>  9 NA               egen_010_a… age_da… Age of… INTEGE… NA      NA      <tibble>
#> 10 NA               egen_011_s… sex     Sex of… TEXT    NA      orgc5Y… <tibble>
#> # … with 58 more rows, and abbreviated variable names ¹data_element_name,
#> #   ²data_element_shortname, ³data_element_description,
#> #   ⁴data_element_valuetype, ⁵data_element_formname, ⁶used_optionset_uid
msf_dict("Cholera")
#> # A tibble: 45 × 8
#>    data_element_uid data_elem…¹ data_…² data_…³ data_…⁴ data_…⁵ used_…⁶ options 
#>    <chr>            <chr>       <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <list>  
#>  1 AafTlSwliVQ      egen_001_p… case_n… Anonym… TEXT    Case n… NA      <tibble>
#>  2 OTGOtWBz39J      egen_004_d… date_o… Date p… DATE    Date o… NA      <tibble>
#>  3 wnmMr2V3T3u      egen_006_p… patien… Locati… ORGANI… Patien… NA      <tibble>
#>  4 sbgqjeVwtb8      egen_008_a… age_ye… Age of… INTEGE… Age in… NA      <tibble>
#>  5 eXYhovYyl61      egen_009_a… age_mo… Age of… INTEGE… Age in… NA      <tibble>
#>  6 UrYJSk2Wp46      egen_010_a… age_da… Age of… INTEGE… Age in… NA      <tibble>
#>  7 D1Ky5K7pFN6      egen_011_s… sex     Sex of… TEXT    Sex     orgc5Y… <tibble>
#>  8 dTm5R53YYXC      egen_012_p… pregna… Pregna… TEXT    Pregna… IEjzG2… <tibble>
#>  9 FF7d81Zy0yQ      egen_013_p… trimes… If pre… TEXT    Trimes… QjGHFN… <tibble>
#> 10 vLAmA6Pmjip      egen_014_p… foetus… If pre… TEXT    Foetus… SR8Jtf… <tibble>
#> # … with 35 more rows, and abbreviated variable names ¹data_element_name,
#> #   ²data_element_shortname, ³data_element_description,
#> #   ⁴data_element_valuetype, ⁵data_element_formname, ⁶used_optionset_uid
msf_dict("Measles")
#> # A tibble: 52 × 8
#>    data_element_uid data_elem…¹ data_…² data_…³ data_…⁴ data_…⁵ used_…⁶ options 
#>    <chr>            <chr>       <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <list>  
#>  1 DE_EGEN_001      egen_001_p… case_n… Anonym… TEXT    Case n… NA      <tibble>
#>  2 DE_EGEN_004      egen_004_d… date_o… Date p… DATE    Date o… NA      <tibble>
#>  3 DE_EGEN_005      egen_005_p… patien… Patien… TEXT    Patien… YNeOOp… <tibble>
#>  4 DE_EGEN_006      egen_006_p… patien… Locati… ORGANI… Patien… NA      <tibble>
#>  5 DE_EGEN_008      egen_008_a… age_ye… Age of… INTEGE… Age in… NA      <tibble>
#>  6 DE_EGEN_009      egen_009_a… age_mo… Age of… INTEGE… Age in… NA      <tibble>
#>  7 DE_EGEN_010      egen_010_a… age_da… Age of… INTEGE… Age in… NA      <tibble>
#>  8 DE_EGEN_011      egen_011_s… sex     Sex of… TEXT    Sex     orgc5Y… <tibble>
#>  9 DE_EGEN_012      egen_012_p… pregna… Pregna… TEXT    Pregna… IEjzG2… <tibble>
#> 10 DE_EGEN_013      egen_013_p… trimes… If pre… TEXT    Trimes… QjGHFN… <tibble>
#> # … with 42 more rows, and abbreviated variable names ¹data_element_name,
#> #   ²data_element_shortname, ³data_element_description,
#> #   ⁴data_element_valuetype, ⁵data_element_formname, ⁶used_optionset_uid
msf_dict("Meningitis")
#> # A tibble: 53 × 8
#>    data_element_uid data_elem…¹ data_…² data_…³ data_…⁴ data_…⁵ used_…⁶ options 
#>    <chr>            <chr>       <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <list>  
#>  1 AafTlSwliVQ      egen_001_p… case_n… Anonym… TEXT    Case n… NA      <tibble>
#>  2 OTGOtWBz39J      egen_004_d… date_o… Date p… DATE    Date o… NA      <tibble>
#>  3 udXAcFEE1dl      egen_005_p… patien… Patien… TEXT    Patien… YNeOOp… <tibble>
#>  4 wnmMr2V3T3u      egen_006_p… patien… Locati… ORGANI… Patien… NA      <tibble>
#>  5 sbgqjeVwtb8      egen_008_a… age_ye… Age of… INTEGE… Age in… NA      <tibble>
#>  6 eXYhovYyl61      egen_009_a… age_mo… Age of… INTEGE… Age in… NA      <tibble>
#>  7 UrYJSk2Wp46      egen_010_a… age_da… Age of… INTEGE… Age in… NA      <tibble>
#>  8 D1Ky5K7pFN6      egen_011_s… sex     Sex of… TEXT    Sex     orgc5Y… <tibble>
#>  9 ADfNqpCL5kf      egen_015_e… exit_s… Final … TEXT    Exit s… hO9TET… <tibble>
#> 10 JZ8yqTow79G      egen_016_d… date_o… Date p… DATE    Exit d… NA      <tibble>
#> # … with 43 more rows, and abbreviated variable names ¹data_element_name,
#> #   ²data_element_shortname, ³data_element_description,
#> #   ⁴data_element_valuetype, ⁵data_element_formname, ⁶used_optionset_uid

In addition, there are four MSF survey dictionaries available:

Retrospective mortality and access to care (“Mortality”)
Malnutrition (“Nutrition”)
Vaccination coverage long form (“vaccination_long”)
Vaccination coverage short form (“vaccination_short”)

You can read more about the survey dictionaries at https://r4epis.netlify.com/surveys

These are accessible via msf_dict_survey() where the variables are in name. You can also read in your own Kobo (ODK) dictionaries by specifying tempalte = FALSE and then setting name = <path to your .xlsx>.

Click here for code examples

msf_dict_survey("Mortality")
#> # A tibble: 174 × 15
#>    type    name  short…¹ label…² label…³ hint_…⁴ hint_…⁵ default relev…⁶ appea…⁷
#>    <chr>   <chr> <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>  
#>  1 start   start start   Start … NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  2 end     end   end     End Ti… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  3 today   today today   Date o… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  4 device… devi… device… Phone … NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  5 date    date  Date o… Date    Date    NA      NA      today() NA      NA     
#>  6 integer team… Team n… Team n… Numéro… NA      NA      NA      NA      numbers
#>  7 village vill… Villag… Villag… Nom du… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  8 text    vill… Other … Specif… Autre,… NA      NA      NA      ${vill… NA     
#>  9 integer clus… Cluste… Cluste… Numéro… NA      NA      NA      NA      numbers
#> 10 integer hous… Househ… Househ… Numéro… NA      NA      NA      NA      numbers
#> # … with 164 more rows, 5 more variables: constraint <chr>, repeat_count <chr>,
#> #   calculation <chr>, value_type <chr>, options <list>, and abbreviated
#> #   variable names ¹short_name, ²label_english, ³label_french, ⁴hint_english,
#> #   ⁵hint_french, ⁶relevant, ⁷appearance
msf_dict_survey("Nutrition")
#> # A tibble: 27 × 15
#>    type    name  short…¹ label…² label…³ hint_…⁴ hint_…⁵ repea…⁶ relev…⁷ calcu…⁸
#>    <chr>   <chr> <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <lgl>  
#>  1 start   start NA      Start … NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  2 end     end   NA      End Ti… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  3 today   today NA      Date o… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  4 device… devi… NA      Phone … NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  5 date    date  Date    Date    NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  6 integer team… Team n… Team n… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  7 village vill… Villag… Villag… Nom du… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  8 text    vill… Other … Specif… Précis… NA      NA      NA      ${vill… NA     
#>  9 geopoi… vill… Villag… Villag… Locali… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#> 10 integer clus… Cluste… Cluste… Numéro… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#> # … with 17 more rows, 5 more variables: constraint <chr>, appearance <chr>,
#> #   default <chr>, value_type <chr>, options <list>, and abbreviated variable
#> #   names ¹short_name, ²label_english, ³label_french, ⁴hint_english,
#> #   ⁵hint_french, ⁶repeat_count, ⁷relevant, ⁸calculation
msf_dict_survey("Vaccination_long")
#> # A tibble: 106 × 15
#>    type    name  short…¹ label…² label…³ hint_…⁴ hint_…⁵ default relev…⁶ appea…⁷
#>    <chr>   <chr> <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>  
#>  1 start   start NA      Start … Start … NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  2 end     end   NA      End Ti… End Ti… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  3 today   today NA      Date o… Date o… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  4 device… devi… NA      Phone … Phone … NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  5 date    date  Date    Date    Date    NA      NA      today() NA      NA     
#>  6 integer team… Team n… Team n… Numéro… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  7 village vill… Villag… Villag… Nom du… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  8 text    vill… Other … Specif… Veuill… NA      NA      NA      ${vill… NA     
#>  9 integer clus… Cluste… Cluste… Numéro… NA      NA      NA      NA      numbers
#> 10 integer hous… Househ… Househ… Numéro… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#> # … with 96 more rows, 5 more variables: repeat_count <chr>, constraint <chr>,
#> #   calculation <chr>, value_type <chr>, options <list>, and abbreviated
#> #   variable names ¹short_name, ²label_english, ³label_french, ⁴hint_english,
#> #   ⁵hint_french, ⁶relevant, ⁷appearance
msf_dict_survey("Vaccination_short")
#> # A tibble: 38 × 16
#>    type    name  short…¹ label…² label…³ hint_…⁴ hint_…⁵ default relev…⁶ appea…⁷
#>    <chr>   <chr> <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>  
#>  1 start   start NA      Start … Start … NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  2 end     end   NA      End Ti… End Ti… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  3 today   today NA      Date o… Date o… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  4 device… devi… NA      Phone … Phone … NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  5 date    date  Date    Date    Date    NA      NA      .today… NA      NA     
#>  6 integer team… Team n… Team n… Numéro… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  7 village vill… Villag… Villag… Nom du… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#>  8 text    vill… Other … Specif… Veuill… NA      NA      NA      ${vill… NA     
#>  9 integer clus… Cluste… Cluste… Numéro… NA      NA      NA      NA      numbers
#> 10 integer hous… Househ… Househ… Numéro… NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#> # … with 28 more rows, 6 more variables: repeat_count <chr>, constraint <chr>,
#> #   calculation <chr>, hxl <chr>, value_type <chr>, options <list>, and
#> #   abbreviated variable names ¹short_name, ²label_english, ³label_french,
#> #   ⁴hint_english, ⁵hint_french, ⁶relevant, ⁷appearance

Generating data

The {epidict} package has a function for generating data that’s called gen_data(), which takes three arguments: The dictionary, which column describes the variable names, and how many rows are needed in the output.

Click here for code examples

gen_data("Measles", varnames = "data_element_shortname", numcases = 100, org = "MSF")
#> # A tibble: 100 × 52
#>    case_number date_of_c…¹ patie…² patie…³ age_y…⁴ age_m…⁵ age_d…⁶ sex   pregn…⁷
#>    <chr>       <date>      <fct>   <chr>     <int>   <int>   <int> <fct> <fct>  
#>  1 A1          2018-02-17  IP      Villag…       8      NA      NA M     NA     
#>  2 A2          2018-01-10  IP      Villag…      47      NA      NA U     NA     
#>  3 A3          2018-04-22  IP      Villag…      NA      21      NA M     NA     
#>  4 A4          2018-03-25  IP      Villag…       7      NA      NA M     NA     
#>  5 A5          2018-01-11  OP      Villag…      88      NA      NA U     NA     
#>  6 A6          2018-04-23  IP      Villag…      38      NA      NA F     NA     
#>  7 A7          2018-04-11  IP      Villag…      14      NA      NA M     NA     
#>  8 A8          2018-01-24  IP      Villag…      20      NA      NA F     N      
#>  9 A9          2018-02-18  IP      Villag…      44      NA      NA F     NA     
#> 10 A10         2018-02-11  OP      Villag…      86      NA      NA M     NA     
#> # … with 90 more rows, 43 more variables: trimester <fct>,
#> #   foetus_alive_at_admission <fct>, exit_status <fct>, date_of_exit <date>,
#> #   time_to_death <fct>, pregnancy_outcome_at_exit <fct>,
#> #   baby_born_with_complications <fct>, previously_vaccinated <fct>,
#> #   previous_vaccine_doses_received <fct>, detected_by <fct>,
#> #   msf_involvement <fct>, residential_status <fct>,
#> #   residential_status_brief <fct>, date_of_last_vaccination <date>, …
gen_data("Vaccination_long", varnames = "name", numcases = 100, org = "MSF")
#> # A tibble: 100 × 120
#>    start end   today deviceid date       team_…¹ villa…² villa…³ clust…⁴ house…⁵
#>    <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl>    <date>     <lgl>   <fct>   <lgl>     <dbl>   <int>
#>  1 NA    NA    NA    NA       2018-02-10 NA      villag… NA            7       2
#>  2 NA    NA    NA    NA       2018-01-23 NA      villag… NA            1       1
#>  3 NA    NA    NA    NA       2018-01-31 NA      villag… NA            2       3
#>  4 NA    NA    NA    NA       2018-01-24 NA      villag… NA            4       2
#>  5 NA    NA    NA    NA       2018-02-11 NA      villag… NA            9       3
#>  6 NA    NA    NA    NA       2018-02-04 NA      villag… NA            9       1
#>  7 NA    NA    NA    NA       2018-01-29 NA      villag… NA            9       4
#>  8 NA    NA    NA    NA       2018-04-18 NA      villag… NA            9       2
#>  9 NA    NA    NA    NA       2018-04-08 NA      villag… NA            2       3
#> 10 NA    NA    NA    NA       2018-02-09 NA      villag… NA            9       2
#> # … with 90 more rows, 110 more variables: households_building <int>,
#> #   random_hh <int>, consent <chr>, no_consent_reason <fct>,
#> #   no_consent_other <lgl>, caretaker_relation <fct>, caretaker_other <lgl>,
#> #   number_children <dbl>, child_number <chr>, sex <fct>, date_birth <date>,
#> #   age_years <int>, age_months <int>, any_vaccine <fct>, vaccine_card <fct>,
#> #   hf_records <fct>, health_facility <lgl>, date_records_checked <date>,
#> #   injection_upper_arm <fct>, scar_present <fct>, poliodrop_woc <fct>, …

Cleaning data with the dictionaries

You can use the dictionaries to clean the data via the {matchmaker} package:

Click here for code examples

library("matchmaker")
library("dplyr")

dat <- gen_data(dictionary = "Cholera", 
  varnames = "data_element_shortname",
  numcases = 20,
  org = "MSF"
)
print(dat)
#> # A tibble: 20 × 45
#>    case_number date_of_c…¹ patie…² age_y…³ age_m…⁴ age_d…⁵ sex   pregn…⁶ trime…⁷
#>    <chr>       <date>      <chr>     <int>   <int>   <int> <fct> <fct>   <fct>  
#>  1 A1          2018-02-09  Villag…      23      NA      NA M     NA      NA     
#>  2 A2          2018-01-20  Villag…      12      NA      NA M     NA      NA     
#>  3 A3          2018-01-13  Villag…      44      NA      NA U     NA      NA     
#>  4 A4          2018-04-23  Villag…      76      NA      NA F     NA      NA     
#>  5 A5          2018-04-19  Villag…      16      NA      NA F     N       NA     
#>  6 A6          2018-04-27  Villag…      52      NA      NA U     NA      NA     
#>  7 A7          2018-04-27  Villag…      70      NA      NA U     NA      NA     
#>  8 A8          2018-03-15  Villag…      65      NA      NA M     NA      NA     
#>  9 A9          2018-01-20  Villag…      13      NA      NA M     NA      NA     
#> 10 A10         2018-03-17  Villag…      43      NA      NA M     NA      NA     
#> 11 A11         2018-04-10  Villag…      24      NA      NA F     Y       1      
#> 12 A12         2018-02-23  Villag…       8      NA      NA U     NA      NA     
#> 13 A13         2018-01-23  Villag…      55      NA      NA U     NA      NA     
#> 14 A14         2018-03-14  Villag…      40      NA      NA U     NA      NA     
#> 15 A15         2018-01-29  Villag…      34      NA      NA F     Y       2      
#> 16 A16         2018-02-10  Villag…      60      NA      NA U     NA      NA     
#> 17 A17         2018-04-08  Villag…      29      NA      NA U     NA      NA     
#> 18 A18         2018-02-14  Villag…      NA       8      NA M     NA      NA     
#> 19 A19         2018-03-12  Villag…      29      NA      NA M     NA      NA     
#> 20 A20         2018-03-06  Villag…      17      NA      NA M     NA      NA     
#> # … with 36 more variables: foetus_alive_at_admission <fct>, exit_status <fct>,
#> #   date_of_exit <date>, time_to_death <fct>, pregnancy_outcome_at_exit <fct>,
#> #   previously_vaccinated <fct>, previous_vaccine_doses_received <fct>,
#> #   readmission <fct>, msf_involvement <fct>,
#> #   cholera_treatment_facility_type <fct>, residential_status_brief <fct>,
#> #   date_of_last_vaccination <date>, prescribed_zinc_supplement <fct>,
#> #   prescribed_antibiotics <fct>, ors_consumed_litres <int>, …

# We want the expanded dictionary, so we will select `compact = FALSE`
dict <- msf_dict(disease = "Cholera", 
  long    = TRUE,
  compact = FALSE,
  tibble  = TRUE
)
print(dict)
#> # A tibble: 182 × 11
#>    data_elemen…¹ data_…² data_…³ data_…⁴ data_…⁵ data_…⁶ used_…⁷ optio…⁸ optio…⁹
#>    <chr>         <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>   <chr>  
#>  1 AafTlSwliVQ   egen_0… case_n… Anonym… TEXT    Case n… NA      NA      NA     
#>  2 OTGOtWBz39J   egen_0… date_o… Date p… DATE    Date o… NA      NA      NA     
#>  3 wnmMr2V3T3u   egen_0… patien… Locati… ORGANI… Patien… NA      NA      NA     
#>  4 sbgqjeVwtb8   egen_0… age_ye… Age of… INTEGE… Age in… NA      NA      NA     
#>  5 eXYhovYyl61   egen_0… age_mo… Age of… INTEGE… Age in… NA      NA      NA     
#>  6 UrYJSk2Wp46   egen_0… age_da… Age of… INTEGE… Age in… NA      NA      NA     
#>  7 D1Ky5K7pFN6   egen_0… sex     Sex of… TEXT    Sex     orgc5Y… M       Male   
#>  8 D1Ky5K7pFN6   egen_0… sex     Sex of… TEXT    Sex     orgc5Y… F       Female 
#>  9 D1Ky5K7pFN6   egen_0… sex     Sex of… TEXT    Sex     orgc5Y… U       Unknow…
#> 10 dTm5R53YYXC   egen_0… pregna… Pregna… TEXT    Pregna… IEjzG2… N       Not cu…
#> # … with 172 more rows, 2 more variables: option_uid <chr>,
#> #   option_order_in_set <dbl>, and abbreviated variable names
#> #   ¹data_element_uid, ²data_element_name, ³data_element_shortname,
#> #   ⁴data_element_description, ⁵data_element_valuetype, ⁶data_element_formname,
#> #   ⁷used_optionset_uid, ⁸option_code, ⁹option_name

# Now we can use matchmaker to filter the data
dat_clean <- matchmaker::match_df(dat, dict, 
  from  = "option_code",
  to    = "option_name",
  by    = "data_element_shortname",
  order = "option_order_in_set"
)
print(dat_clean)
#> # A tibble: 20 × 45
#>    case_number date_of_c…¹ patie…² age_y…³ age_m…⁴ age_d…⁵ sex   pregn…⁶ trime…⁷
#>    <chr>       <date>      <chr>     <int>   <int>   <int> <fct> <fct>   <fct>  
#>  1 A1          2018-02-09  Villag…      23      NA      NA Male  Not ap… NA     
#>  2 A2          2018-01-20  Villag…      12      NA      NA Male  Not ap… NA     
#>  3 A3          2018-01-13  Villag…      44      NA      NA Unkn… Not ap… NA     
#>  4 A4          2018-04-23  Villag…      76      NA      NA Fema… Not ap… NA     
#>  5 A5          2018-04-19  Villag…      16      NA      NA Fema… Not cu… NA     
#>  6 A6          2018-04-27  Villag…      52      NA      NA Unkn… Not ap… NA     
#>  7 A7          2018-04-27  Villag…      70      NA      NA Unkn… Not ap… NA     
#>  8 A8          2018-03-15  Villag…      65      NA      NA Male  Not ap… NA     
#>  9 A9          2018-01-20  Villag…      13      NA      NA Male  Not ap… NA     
#> 10 A10         2018-03-17  Villag…      43      NA      NA Male  Not ap… NA     
#> 11 A11         2018-04-10  Villag…      24      NA      NA Fema… Yes, c… 1st tr…
#> 12 A12         2018-02-23  Villag…       8      NA      NA Unkn… Not ap… NA     
#> 13 A13         2018-01-23  Villag…      55      NA      NA Unkn… Not ap… NA     
#> 14 A14         2018-03-14  Villag…      40      NA      NA Unkn… Not ap… NA     
#> 15 A15         2018-01-29  Villag…      34      NA      NA Fema… Yes, c… 2nd tr…
#> 16 A16         2018-02-10  Villag…      60      NA      NA Unkn… Not ap… NA     
#> 17 A17         2018-04-08  Villag…      29      NA      NA Unkn… Not ap… NA     
#> 18 A18         2018-02-14  Villag…      NA       8      NA Male  Not ap… NA     
#> 19 A19         2018-03-12  Villag…      29      NA      NA Male  Not ap… NA     
#> 20 A20         2018-03-06  Villag…      17      NA      NA Male  Not ap… NA     
#> # … with 36 more variables: foetus_alive_at_admission <fct>, exit_status <fct>,
#> #   date_of_exit <date>, time_to_death <fct>, pregnancy_outcome_at_exit <fct>,
#> #   previously_vaccinated <fct>, previous_vaccine_doses_received <fct>,
#> #   readmission <fct>, msf_involvement <fct>,
#> #   cholera_treatment_facility_type <fct>, residential_status_brief <fct>,
#> #   date_of_last_vaccination <date>, prescribed_zinc_supplement <fct>,
#> #   prescribed_antibiotics <fct>, ors_consumed_litres <int>, …